Suchergebnisse

AbstractDuring the 18th century, a series of new institutions appeared in the provinces of Denmark. Their purpose was to discipline beggars and vagrants and to teach them not only to work, but also the Word of God. These tugt workhouses also became institutions for the reform of disobedient children behaving in an "un‐Christian" manner. Children were often placed here at the initiative of their parents. The article argues that the trust placed by parents in the state authorities in this way can be understood within the framework of Luther's social teaching, especially his doctrine of the three estates and the understanding of the nature of authority and of mutual obligation that is represented there.

Early modern tugt workhouses are often seen as chaotic, multi-purposed institutions, mixing hardened criminals with marginal people like beggars and troublesome family members. In this article, I focus on the negotiation of family memory and identity between family and authority in cases when disobedient children were committed to these institutions for education and improvement. I argue that these negotiations provided an opportunity to restore parental authority by adjusting private family memory to the state's expectations of good Christian households and responsible parents. Thereby, the private parental memory of disobedient children and the actions taken to deal with them also contributed to legitimizing the tugt institution by confirming its stated purpose in society, to provide improvement, and education.

This article introduces a special issue on "family, memory, and identity." Beginning with a survey of previous research in this area, especially exploring family as a site for collective memory, and the ways that family memory work shapes national histories, it introduces the contribution made by this special issue to our understanding of how family memory and national memory intertwine in the production of individual identity. Highlighting the key findings of the special issue, it particularly notes how family history research has the potential to challenge and reform national memory, and in doing so allows for rich and complex rethinkings of the past for both historians and members of the public.

This article offers a comparative analysis of the early modern Danish and Swedish Household state in relation to the treatment of "disobedient" children. It uses law codes and court records to explore the dynamic relationship between the household and state, arguing that contrasting patterns are apparent despite the common features of absolutism, agrarian, and mono-confessional Lutheranism. In Denmark, the state often responded to such cases by arrogating the power of the household and removing children from their care. In Sweden, the state upheld and sought to educate the household and relied upon parents to carry out appropriate chastisements of its junior members.

This volume offers an integrated set of local studies exploring the gendering of political activities across a variety of sites ranging from print culture, courts, government and philanthropic bodies and public spaces, outlining how a particular activity was constituted as political and exploring how this contributed to a gendered concept of citizenship. The comparative and transnational perspectives revealed through combining such work contributes to establishing new knowledge about the relationship between gender, citizenship and the development of the modern town in Northern Europe.

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Notes on contributors -- Gender and the urban experience: introduction / Deborah Simonton -- Economy, circulations and exchanges / Anne Montenach -- Patterns of transmission and urban experience : when gender matters / Anna Bellavitis -- Women, gender and credit in early modern Western European towns / Cathryn Spence -- Toleration, liberty and privileges : gender and commerce in eighteenth-century European towns / Deborah Simonton -- Gender and business during the industrial revolution / Hannah Barker -- Poverty, family economies and survival strategies in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries : a gender approach / Montserrat Carbonell Esteller -- Gendered experiences of work and migration in Western Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries / Manuela Martini -- Space, place and environment / Elaine Chalus -- Male servants, identity and urban space in eighteenth-century England -- Amanda flather -- Mapping the spaces of seduction : morality, gender and the city in early nineteenth-century Britain / Katie Barclay -- Painting the town : Portrayals of change in urban riversides, London and the Thames, a case study / Kemille S. Moore -- Modernity and Madrid : the gendered urban geography of Carmen de Burgos la Rampa (1917) / Rebecca M. Bender -- Home, urban space and gendered practices in mid-seventeenth-century Turku / Riitta Laitinen -- The gendered geography of violence in Bologna, seventeenth to nineteenth centuries / Sanne Muurling and Marion Pluskota -- Civic identity and political culture / Nina Javette Koefoed -- Women and citizenship in later-medieval York / Sarah Rees Jones -- Civic identity, "juvenile" status and gender in sixteenth and seventeenth-century Italian towns / Eleonora Canepari -- "We had a row on the politics of the day" : gender and political sociability of the elites in Stockholm, c. 1770-1800 / My Hellsing -- Gender, philanthropy and civic identities in Edinburgh, 1795-1830 / Jane Rendall -- Negotiating respectable citizenship : homosexual emancipation struggles in early twentieth-century Copenhagen / Niels Nyegaard -- Voting as an act of estate or voting as an act of class? : voting women in Swedish towns, c.1720-1920 / Åsa Karlsson Sjögren -- Material culture in gendered urban settings / Marjo Kaartinen -- Gender, material culture and urban experience in early modern Rome / Renata Ago -- The changing objects of civic devotion : gender, politics and votive commissions in a late medieval dalmatian confraternity / Ana Marinkovic -- Caring and healing : women, bodies and materiality in nineteenth-century French cities / Anne Carol -- Architectural language and mistranslations : a comparative global approach to women's urban spaces / Despina Stratigakos -- Shoes and the city : shoes and their sphere of influence in colonial America, 1740-1789 / Kimberly Alexander -- Gendering the automobile : men, women and the car in Helsinki, 1900-1930 / Teija Försti -- Intimacy and emotion / Katie Barclay -- Shaping London merchant identities : emotions, reputation and power in the court of chancery / Merridee L. Bailey -- Love thy neighbour? : the gendered, emotional and spatial production of charity and poverty in sixteenth-century France / Susan Broomhall -- The emotional life of boys in eighteenth-century Mexico City / Sonya Lipsett-Rivera -- Emotions, gender and the body : the case of nineteenth-century German spa towns / Heikki Lempa -- Feeling modern on the russian street : from desire to despair / Mark D. Steinberg -- Risk! pleasure! affirmation! : navigating queer urban spaces in twentieth-century Scotland / Jeff Meek -- The colonial town / Nigel Worden -- A gendered history of colonial spanish American cities and towns, 1500s-1800 / Leo J. Garofalo -- Gender in Batavia : Asian city, European company town / Jean Gelman Taylor -- Cities at sea : gender and sexuality in the eighteenth-century British colonial city / Clare A. Lyons -- Gender, race and the spatiality of the colonial town in India / Mary Hancock -- Gender and urban experience in nineteenth-century Australasian colonial towns / Penny Russell -- South african cities, gender and inventions of tradition in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries / Vivian Bickford-Smith -- Further reading -- Index